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Further Reading

Метки: python

Excellent step-by-step introduction to metaclasses:

http://cleverdevil.org/computing/78/

Metaclass intro and comparison of syntax between Python 2.x and 3.x:

http://mikewatkins.ca/2008/11/29/python-2-and-3-metaclasses/

David Mertz’s metaclass primer:

http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/python/2003/04/17/metaclasses.html

Three-part in-depth coverage of metaclasses on IBM Developer Works. Quite useful and authoritative:

• http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-pymeta.html
• http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-pymeta2/
• http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-pymeta3.html

Michele Simionato’s articles on Artima, with special emphasis on the difference between Python 2.x and 3.x metaclasses:

• http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=236234
• http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=236260

Once you understand the foundations, you can find lots of examples by searching for “metaclass” within the Python Cookbook:http://code.activestate.com/recipes/langs/python/

The printed version of the Python Cookbook has far fewer examples than the online version, but the print version has been filtered and edited and so tends to be more authoritative.

Ian Bicking writes about metaclasses:

• http://blog.ianbicking.org/a-conservative-metaclass.html
• http://blog.ianbicking.org/metaclass-fun.html
• http://blog.ianbicking.org/A-Declarative-Syntax-Extension.html
• http://blog.ianbicking.org/self-take-two.html

Lots of good information about classes, types, metaclasses, etc., including historical stuff in the Python 2.2 docs (is this duplicated in later versions of the docs):

• http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2/descrintro/

For more advanced study, the book Putting Metaclasses to Work.